Utskrift från Malmö högskola - mah.se
Student Essays / Odontologie magisterprogram med inriktning oral hälsa
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Student Essays / Odontologie magisterprogram med inriktning oral hälsa
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POLYFENOLER, VITAMINER OCH PARODONTALA SJUKDOMAR - en systematisk lit... 
Critén, Sladjana : Malmö högskola/Odontologiska fakulteten (2012) STUDENT ESSAY 
English abstract: Objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate whether there is support in the literature regarding the role of dietary content of polyphenols and vitamins may have for periodontal diseases. Material and methods: A PubMed search was performed in March 2012 to identify appropriate studies. The search was limited to studies published in English between January 1990 and March 2012. For studies on the effects of polyphenols and vitamins on periodontal diseases the search was limited to studies in humans. The search was limited to: “randomized controlled trial”, “clinical controlled trial” “clinical trial” and “humans”. Additionally the reference lists of selected articles were hand searched for the possible inclusion of additional references. Results: Fifteen studies were identified as relevant to the purpose and fulfilling inclusion criteria. Five clinical studies treated the effects of polyphenols on periodontitis and results indicate that polyphenols can affect the periodontal disease. For example reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PPD) reduction was reported. Five studies were found evaluating the effect of vitamin D on periodontal disease. It was concluded that the best effect to reduce periodontal disease was observed if vitamin D supplementation was combined with calcium. Two studies looked at the effect of vitamin C on periodontitis and demonstrated that periodontal disease was associated with decreased level of the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) after treatment with vitamin C. Vitamin B – complex supplementation resulted in improved healing after periodontal surgery and multivitamin supplements reduced BOP and PPD. Conclusion: Knowledge concerning dietary content of polyphenols and vitamins effect on periodontal diseases and/or the effect of supplements on the healing after periodontal treatment is limited and that much research is needed to some far-reaching conclusions can be drawn. Swedish abstract: Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att utreda om det finns stöd i litteraturen avseende vilken betydelse kostens innehåll av polyfenoler och vitaminer kan ha för parodontala sjukdomar. Material och metod: En sökning i PubMed gjordes i mars 2012. Sökningen begränsades till humana studier på engelska och publicerade mellan januari 1990 och mars 2012. Kriterier för inkludering var: “randomized controlled trial”, “clinical controlled trial”, “clinical trial” och “”humans. Referenslistorna i de selekterade studierna granskades för att finna ytterligare studier som kunde inkluderas i analysen. Resultat: Femton studier identifierades som relevanta för syftet och som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. Fem av dessa behandlade polyfenolers effekt på parodontit och resultaten av dessa indikerar att polyfenoler kan påverka parodontal sjukdom. Till exempel rapporteras reducerad blödning vid sondering (BOP) och fickdjupsreducering. Fem studier studerade effekten av vitamin D. Man fann en förbättrad effekt på bennivån om vitamin D tillskottet kombinerades med kalcium. Två studier undersökte effekten av vitamin C och konstaterade att parodontal sjukdom var associerad med minskad nivå av total antioxidativ kapacitet samt med reducerad blödning. Tillskott av vitamin B – komplex resulterade i bättre läkning efter parodontal operation och multivitamintillskott resulterade i reducerad BOP och fickdjupsreducering. Slutsatsen av denna litteraturöversikt är att kunskapen avseende kostens innehåll av polyfenoler och vitaminers påverkan på parodontala sjukdomar och/eller effekten av kosttillskott på läkningen efter parodontal behandling är begränsad och att mycket forskning krävs för att några mera långtgående slutsatser kan dras. 
Sladjana(MUEP).pdf
(463.5Kb)
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Assessment of professionalism within dental education: A review of st...
Gassner Kanters, Lina : Malmö högskola/Odontologiska fakulteten (2012) 1-year master
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: Assessment of professionalism is a concept which has been highlighted during the last ten years. High demands from the public and from authorities combined with an increased educational interest for the concept of professionalism has led to a greater focus on ways of implementing and assessing professionalism in dental, medical and other professional educations. Many authors point out that professionalism is an essential competence, but there is a lack of and a need for a definition of professionalism within dentistry and dental education. It is recognised that professionalism is a broad concept, which calls for different methods of assessments. The aim of this paper is to identify and describe different methods of assessing professionalism within dental education and to categorise them into a blueprint. The studies are discussed out of the perspective of validity and reliability and the methods of assessment are compared to different levels of Miller’s pyramid. Literature is sparse and a mere 16 articles were found to fit the purpose of this paper. Most studies used a traditional way of assessing professionalism, even though research has shown that this way is neither sufficient nor suitable. More research is needed and the methods for assessment need to be further explored. Validity and reliability need to be put in focus, since no method of assessment has proven to be both valid and reliable.
LGKpaper.pdf
(226.0Kb)
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DRAMA- OCH AKTIVITETSINTERVENTION OM MUNHÄLSA I SKOLAN, PÅVERKAN PÅ K... Samuelsson, Emelie : Malmö högskola/Odontologiska fakulteten (2012) STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate if school based drama- and activity intervention about oral health could affect children’s knowledge of the caries disease, use of fluoride and affect their oral hygiene. The study included 12 primary school classes in the south part of Sweden. Two interventions, drama- and activity lesson, were made with five months apart in the classroom in eight classes. The other four classes served as reference group. The lesson started with a conversation with the children about oral health. During the drama intervention a “cool guy” dressed in a face mask entered the classroom with toothache and asked for help to get better oral health behaviour. At the activity intervention, five oral health related stations with follow up questions were performed by the children in groups of 4-5 students. Yearly clinical examinations with plaque control and a questionnaire were made in January 2010, before the first intervention and in January 2011, after the second intervention. A total of 192 students participated, 160 at both clinical examinations. The same dental hygienist performed the intervention and made the clinical examinations. The results show that the intervention group significantly improved their knowledge of the effect of fluoride between 2010 and 2011 (p=0,000) which could not be seen in the reference group (p=0,625). After one year the plaque scores were significant lower in the intervention group compared to the reference group, 54 % against 69 % (p=0,034), which could not be seen at baseline (p=0,149). There were differences in both the intervention- and the reference groups between 2010 and 2011 regarding the amount that answered that they use a fluoride toothpaste (p=0,000), but no significant difference between groups were shown. The study indicates that the drama- and activity intervention improved the children’s knowledge about the effect of fluoride, had a positive effect on their dental hygiene and may have increased their awareness of using fluoride toothpaste. -
Sambandet mellan Body Mass Index och karies hos barn och ungdomar – e...
Lönnblad, Anneli : Malmö högskola/Odontologiska fakulteten (2011) 1-year master
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries and underweight/overweight/obesity in children and adolescents are described briefly. Objective: To survey and analyze studies that examined the relationship between caries prevalence and BMI in children and adolescents. The following questions were to be answered: Is there a correlation between caries prevalence and BMI? Does the group of overweight children and adolescents have a higher caries prevalence? Does the group of underweight children and adolescents have a higher caries prevalence? Method: These questions were to be answered by a systematic literature review. Results: In the collection of all articles, it was fourteen that showed a correlation between dental caries and BMI and an equal number who did not show correlation. Of those who indicate a connection, there were three studies that showed a correlation between dental caries and underweight.Conclusion: Correlation between caries prevalence and BMI has been shown in several studies, other studies have not been able to show any correlation. Further studies are needed in the future to more clearly identify the factors that may be common and important for the development of both dental caries and underweight / overweight / obesity in children and adolescents. Swedish abstract: Inledning: Prevalensen av karies och övervikt/fetma hos barn och ungdomar beskrivs kort. Syfte: Att kartlägga och analysera studier som undersökt sambandet mellan kariesprevalens och BMI hos barn och ungdomar. Följande frågeställningar ska besvaras: Finns det en korrelation mellan kariesprevalens och BMI? Har gruppen överviktiga barn och ungdomar högre kariesprevalens? Har gruppen underviktiga barn och ungdomar högre kariesprevalens? Metod: Frågeställningarna besvaras med hjälp av en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Utav sammanställningens 28 artiklar visade 14 på samband mellan karies och BMI och lika många visade inget samband. Tre av de som påvisade samband gjorde detta mellan karies och undervikt. Slutsats: Samband mellan kariesprevalens och BMI har visats i flera studier, medan andra studier inte har kunnat visa detta. Ytterligare studier behövs för att tydligare identifiera vilka faktorer som eventuellt är gemensamma och viktiga för utveckling av både karies och undervikt/övervikt/fetma hos barn och ungdomar.
Anneli.pdf
(240.3Kb)
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Prevention och orsaksinriktad behandling av gingivit, parodontit och ...
Karlssom, Maja : Malmö högskola/Odontologiska fakulteten (2011) 1-year master
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: Background: Traditional oral health education is seldom enough in order for dental care personnel to motivate their patients to good, long-lasting oral health care habits and there is a need for evaluation of other more efficient methods. One of these methods is motivational interviewing. An overview of its origin, definition, theoretical background and practical methods is given by way of introduction. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to review studies that had used motivational interviewing in order to obtain oral health, focusing on prevention and treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries. Method: Systematic review. A search question was run through the databases ASSIA, ERIC, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and PubMed. The articles were reviewed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five publications (based on three studies) met the inclusion criteria. Four of these (two of the studies) reported better outcomes for the intervention than the comparative method, both in short and long term. The fifth article had overall no clinically significant differences to report between intervention and control groups. As a result of the small amount of studies in addition to some methodological questions, no evidence is found regarding the use of motivational interviewing in dental care. Conclusion: There are too few studies of motivational interviewing within the area of dental care in order for any conclusions to be drawn and more studies are needed, preferably in a setting as close to the clinical everyday life as possible and with both objective and subjective outcome measures. The follow up period should be as extended as possible, and studies investigating the cost efficacy of the method are also required.
Maja.pdf
(402.1Kb)
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