Utskrift från Malmö högskola - mah.se
Conference Contributions /HS HV
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Conference Contributions /HS HV
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Power, empowerment and health. Logical Relations and Ethical Implicat... Tengland, Per-Anders (2012)
Reordering Power, Shifting Boundaries, XXII World Congress of Political Science, Madrid, July 8-12 2012other 
English abstract: Empowerment has been on the agenda for many years, in a number of professional fields. It has been a primary goal for health promotion and public health. An ethical reason for discussing power and empowerment is that one way of evaluating how just a society is, is to look at inequalities in empowerment. But what kind of power is empowerment, and what is its relation to health? The paper discusses various kinds of power: ‘power to’, ‘power over’, ‘power with’ and ‘power within’. One conclusion is that ‘empowerment as a goal’ is a version of ‘power to’, i.e. the ability to produce intended effects – in the case of empowerment on one’s own “good” life. There are also connections to the other kinds of power. ‘Power with’ can be seen as the collective ability to control effects, and ‘power within’, e.g. self-confidence, can be seen as part of ‘power to’. Empowerment is to a much lesser extent a form of ‘power over’. Finally, health is defined in terms of ability and well-being. Health, it turns out, is a form of power, since (health-related) ability is necessary for having both ‘power to’, i.e. the (general) ability to produce intended effects, and empowerment, i.e. the (general) ability to control one’s ‘good’ life. A final ethical conclusion is that inequalities in health also constitute inequalities in empowerment, and they should, thus, be eliminated for a society to be just. -
Does amphetamine enhance your health? On the distinction between heal... Tengland, Per-Anders (2011)
25th European Conference on Philosophy, Medicine and Health Care, Zürich, Schweiz, August 17-20other
English abstract: It seems that we all have a moral obligation to restore, preserve and enhance health, our own and that of others, e.g. that of our children or parents. It is also an imperative within health care, medicine and public health, to support and enhance people’s health. Health is, furthermore, thought to be a human right. In its most ambitious formulation health is not only "a fundamental human right”, but “the attainment of the highest possible level of health” is “a most important worldwide social goal” (WHO 1986). These ethical imperatives make it important to discuss what health is, and what kinds of enhancement are increases in health and what kinds are not. This paper presents different attempts to draw a demarcation line between processes and states that we believe should belong to the concept of health, and processes and states which we believe should not belong to it. Since all we can expect to produce is a nominal definition, some initial criteria for the explication of health are presented. On the basis of these criteria, a holistic, pluralistic theory is suggested. The theory defines health in terms of basic abilities and well-being. A distinction is also made between manifest health, i.e. the ability and well-being here and now, and basic or fundamental health, i.e. the internal foundations for manifest health. Given these conceptual starting points, the remainder of the paper discusses various ways of trying to differentiate between enhancement that is an increase in (the various aspects of) health, and enhancement that is not, e.g. if there is a distinction between reducing ill health, and promoting positive health, or between “normal” and “supernormal” enhancement. It also discusses if the means used matter, e.g. if wheel-chairs, implants, medicine, narcotics, or genetic manipulation enhance health, if they only compensate for the lack of it, or if they enhance something else, such as non-health-related abilities, capacities or competences. Finally, the paper makes some suggestions towards distinguishing substances that are health-enhancing and those that are non-health-enhancing, e.g. those that are normal to humans, or normal in the culture, those which individuals need in order to live and to flourish, and those that can be tolerated in the long run by the human body and mind. -
Identifying markers for mental ill-health during pregnancy in registr... Wangel, Anne-Marie; Molin, Johan; Östman, Margareta : 2nd Conference of Migrant Health in Europe (2008) conference
POSTER
English abstract: Background: Population based studies report increasing mental ill- health levels of women in reproductive ages. The antenatal routine care program in Sweden consists of 8-10 visits with a nurse midwife. Data from these visits, delivery and postnatal care has been collected with the National Delivery Register since 1973. No variables however exist for identifying mental health. A computerized perinatal patient record system has been in use for12 years at the University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden. It consists of some 2,500 variables possible to use for follow-up studies, as well as searchable free-text. The record system is used by all clinical staff involved with the pregnant woman. Aim: To identify markers for mental ill-health in pregnancy in registry data to predict delivery outcome. Method: Patient records from six consecutive years with 22,000 pregnancies were selected. Theoretical markers of mental ill-health related words were identified and tested in a sub-sample. A free-text-search among all patient records was performed to identify the occurrence of each of the selected markers. Results: Twenty words relating to mental ill-health instruments were chosen for the free-text database search. Presence of reported words as "panic", “anxiety” and “stress” showed an increase OR for instrumental delivery, ruptured sphincter and caesarian section. The phrase "anti-depressive" seem to lower the OR for these outcomes. Conclusion: Preliminary data seems to indicate an increased risk of obstetric complications at delivery associated with some of the markers for ill-health. Further analyses could assist in developing variables for the identification of words predicting mental ill-health and increased obstetric risks. Ethical approval 350/2007. PhD-studies by faculty funding -
Translating fear and abuse into Arabic/Islamic concepts: process and ... Wangel, Anne-Marie; Ouis, Pernilla; Östman, Margareta : 2nd Conference of Migrant Health in Europe, (2008) conference
POSTER
English abstract: Background: To study sexual and reproductive health issues, an understanding of cultural and language bound concepts is needed. Scandinavian studies of native speaking women show a relation between history of partner violence, sexual abuse and fear of delivery. In Malmo the third largest city of Sweden, 36% of the population has a foreign background. The proportion of Arabic speaking women within maternity care is increasing in Sweden. Islamic concepts are often based in the Arabic language and are of importance for non-Arabic speaking Muslim women as well. To enable participation in a prospective study on history of abuse and fear and delivery outcome, the validated instruments needed translation into Arabic language. Aim: To describe challenges in translating instruments, on fear and abuse, developed for westernized societies into an Arabic questionnaire. Method: Interviews and face validity testing of translated instruments from Western language to develop an Arabic questionnaire were conducted. Results: In order to validate translated instruments of concepts related to sexual and reproductive health, an understanding of cultural and religious ideas, meaning of words for sexuality, violence, abuse, fear and “destiny” needs to be addressed and considered. Examples of international approaches to these issues will be presented. Conclusion: Translation of cultural concepts for questionnaire development requires more than understanding and interpretation. Ethical approval 2006/354-31; 2007/1360-32. PhD-studies by faculty funding -
Markers for mental unhealth during pregnancy - predictors for deliver... Wangel, Anne-Marie; Molin, Johan; Östman, Margareta; Jernström, Helena : 29th Nordic Congress of Psychiatry (2009) conference
POSTER
English abstract: Markers for mental unhealth during pregnancy - predictors for delivery outcome Background: Population based studies report increasing mental ill-health levels of women in reproductive ages. Routine ante- and perinatal data is registered by the Nurse Midwife, and forwarded to the Medical Birth Registry of Sweden. No standard variables exist for identifying mental health status. An electronic medical registry (EMR) as a perinatal record system is in use since 1997, at Malmö University Hospital, Sweden. It holds variables possible for follow-up studies and is searchable for free-text. The EMR is used by all clinical staff involved with the pregnant woman. Objectives: To identify markers for mental unhealth in pregnancy in registry data to predict delivery outcome. Description: Patient records from 2001 to 2006 with 22,053 pregnancies were selected. Theoretical markers of mental unhealth related words were identified and tested in a sub-sample. A free-text-search among all 22,053 patient records was performed to identify the occurrence of each of the selected markers. Results: Ten words relating to mental health instruments were chosen for the free-text database search. Occurrence of reported words as "panic", “anxiety” and “stress” showed an increase OR for instrumental delivery and acute Caesarean section. The phrase "anti-depressive" seems to lower the OR for these outcomes. Preliminary data indicate an increased risk of obstetric complications at delivery associated with some of the markers for mental unhealth for nulliparous women. Ethical approval, no. 350/2007.
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