Browsing Articles /HS KR by Issue Date

Social class and criminality among young people: A study considering ...
Ring, Jonas; Svensson, Robert Journal article in Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention;2 (2007)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

Pathways to child and adolescent psychiatric clinics: a multilevel st...
Ivert, Anna-Karin; Svensson, Robert; Adler, Hans; Levander, Sten; Rydelius, Per-Anders; Torstensson Levander, Marie Journal article in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health;1 : BioMed central (2011)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

Background In the Swedish society, as in many other societies, many children and adolescents with mental health problems do not receive the help they need. As the Swedish society becomes increasingly multicultural, and as ethnic and economic residential segregation become more pronounced, this study utilises ethnicity and neighbourhood context to examine referral pathways to child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) clinics. Methods The analysis examines four different sources of referrals: family referrals, social/legal agency referrals, school referrals and health/mental health referrals. The referrals of 2054 children aged 11-19 from the Stockholm Child-Psychiatric Database were studied using multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results Results indicate that ethnicity played an important role in how children and adolescents were referred to CAP-clinics. Family referrals were more common among children and adolescents with a Swedish background than among those with an immigrant background. Referrals by social/legal agencies were more common among children and adolescents with African and Asian backgrounds. Children with Asian or South American backgrounds were more likely to have been referred by schools or by the health/mental health care sector. A significant neighbourhood effect was found in relation to family referrals. Children and adolescents from neighbourhoods with low levels of socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to be referred to psychiatric child and youth clinics by their families in comparison to children from other neighbourhoods. Such differences were not found in relation in relation to the other sources of referral. Conclusions This article reports findings that can be an important first step toward increasing knowledge on reasons behind differential referral rates and uptake of psychiatric care in an ethnically diverse Swedish sample. These findings have implications for the design and evaluation of community mental health outreach programs and should be considered when developing measures and strategies intended to reach and help children with mental health problems. This might involve providing information about the availability and accessibility of health care for children and adolescents with mental health problems to families in certain neighbourhoods and with different ethnic backgrounds.

Flunitrazepam intake in male offenders
Dåderman, Anna; Edman, Gunnar; Wirsen Meurling, Ann; Levander, Sten; Kristiansson, Marianne Journal article in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry;2 : Informa Healthcare (2012)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

The abuse of flunitrazepam (FZ) compounds is worldwide, and several studies have reflected on the consequences with regard to violence, aggression and criminal lifestyle of FZ users. Criminals take high doses of FZ or some other benzodiazepines to "calm down" before the planned crime. There is support from earlier studies that most likely, all benzodiazepines may increase aggression in vulnerable males. Chronic intake of high doses of FZ increases aggression in male rats. Because psychopathy involves aggression, we have examined whether psychopathy as well as any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial) are related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ. We have also examined the relationship between each PCL-R item and FZ use. Participants were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Substance use, including FZ, was not more common in those who scored high in psychopathy. Use of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% CI 1.86-9.94). Only one of the PCL-R items, "Criminal versatility", was significantly associated with FZ use (odds ratio = 3.7). It may be concluded that intake of FZ has a specific relationship to only one of the facets and not to psychopathy per se. ; The findings have also important theoretical implications because Facet 4 is not a key factor of the construct of psychopathy. Clinical implications of the article: We have used the new two-factor and four-facet theoretical model of psychopathy in the young offender population, many of them with one or more substance use disorders. The present results suggest that antisocial behavior defined by Facet 4 (poor behavioral control, early behavior problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release and criminal versatility) in the studied subjects is more typical for FZ users than it is for non-FZ users. This may have implications for assessment and treatment. Clinicians should be aware that criminals with high scores on Facet 4 have a more than fourfold odds of being a FZ user. This conclusion has an important clinical implication because FZ abuse is very common and is not always the focus of a forensic psychiatric assessment. ;

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How serious is the problem of item nonresponse in delinquency scales ...
Pauwels, Lieven; Svensson, Robert Journal article in European Journal of Criminology;3 (2008)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

Adolescent lifestyle risk by gender and ethnic background: Findings f...
Pauwels, Lieven; Svensson, Robert Journal article in European Journal of Criminology;1 : Sage Publications (2009)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

Accountability and psychiatric disorders: how do forensic psychiatric...
Höglund, Pontus; Levander, Sten; Anckarsäter, Henrik; Radovic, Susanna Journal article in International journal of law and psychiatry;6 : Elsevier (2009)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

Quality of life : towards and understanding of individuals with psych...
Väfors Fritz, Marie; Rajaleid, Kristina; Hemström, Örjan; af Klinteberg, Britt Journal article in Personality and Mental Health;3 : John Wiley and Sons (2009)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE