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Articles /HS BMV

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Articles /HS BMV

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Gold autodeactivation during oxygen electroreduction studied by elect...
Tripachev, Oleg; Bogdanovskaya, Vera; Tarasevich, Mikhail; Andoralov, Viktor Journal article in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry; : Elsevier (2012)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:	The deactivation of a polycryst. Au electrode is obsd. during O electroredn. reaction (ORR) in basic medium. At that, the cause of the process is chem. decompn. of the ORR intermediate and blocking of active sites of the electrode surface by hydroxyl radical-like species. The deactivation mechanism is discussed.

Effects of surfactants and thermodynamic activity of model active ing...
Fagerström, Anton; Kocherbitov, Vitaly; Ruzgas, Tautgirdas; Westbye, Peter; Bergström, Karin; Engblom, Johan Journal article in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; : Elsevier (2013)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of molecular transport across the cuticle of Clivia leaves. In vitro diffusion methodology was used to investigate the transport of a systemic fungicide, tebuconazole, over a model silicone membrane, enzymatically isolated cuticle membranes, and dermatomed leaves. It was shown that dermatomed leaves may replace enzymatically isolated cuticles. Furthermore, the effects of two surfactants, C10EO7 and C8G1.6, on the fungicide transport were investigated. Tebuconazole cuticle permeation was described using Fick's first law of diffusion, expressed by the thermodynamic activity of the solute in the membrane. A new method for calculation of diffusion coefficients in the membrane is proposed. To access the thermodynamic activity of the fungicide in the membranes, sorption isotherms of tebuconazole in the membrane materials studied were recorded. The thermodynamic activity of the fungicide in aqueous solutions was calculated from solubility data. For that purpose, the effect of surfactants on tebuconazole solubility was studied. The results show that addition of surfactants allows for higher concentrations of tebuconazole available for penetration. Nonetheless, at a fixed fungicide thermodynamic activity, all formulations produced the same flux over the silicone membrane independently on the fungicide concentration. This shows that the driving force across non-responding membranes is the gradient of thermodynamic activity, rather than the gradient of the fungicide concentration. In case of leaves, surfactants induced the same quantitative increase in both flux and diffusion coefficient of solute in the cuticle, while the cuticle-water partition coefficient was unaffected.

DNA Methylation in ATRA-treated leukemia cell lines lacking a PML-RAR...
Miftakhova, Regina; Sandberg, Tove; Hedblom, Andreas; Nevzorova, Tatyana; Persson, Jenny L.; Bredberg, Anders Journal article in Anticancer Research;11 : International Institute of Anticancer Research (2012)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

Abstract A deficient retinoic acid signaling has been suggested to be an important cause of the clinical inefficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in non-promyelocytic (non-PML) forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The general aim of the present work was to explore novel ways to take advantage of the anti-leukemic potential of ATRA, and, specifically, to search for a synergism between ATRA and epigenetic drugs. Because previous reports have found no major influence of ATRA on DNA methylation, we investigated whether ATRA-mediated differentiation of the U937 and HL-60 AML cell lines, both lacking a PML-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) fusion product, is accompanied by early-appearing and weak changes in CpG methylation. We report that in HL-60 cells, by using a highly quantitative analysis of a set of genes found to be abnormally expressed in AML, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified p16 gene promoter molecules (each with 15 CpG sites), exhibited a CpG methylation level of 0-4% in untreated cells, which increased to 4-21% after treatment with ATRA for seven days. In contrast to HL-60 cells, U937 cells exhibited a very high CpG methylation level in p16, and ATRA did not influence the promoter methylation of this gene. In the total CCGG sites of the genome, analysed using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, CpG methylation was significantly lower in ATRA-treated HL-60 (p<0.01) and U937 cells (p<0.05) than in controls. Taken together, our findings show that ATRA can influence DNA methylation, and suggest that future research should investigate whether epigenetic modulation may evoke a clinical effect of ATRA in leukemia.

An artificial estrogen receptor through combinatorial imprinting
Schillinger, Eric; Möder, Monika; Olsson, Gustaf; Nicholls, Ian; Sellergren, Börje Journal article in Chemistry a European Journal;46 : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin (2012)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

Polymeric sorbents targeting endocrine-disrupting estrogen active compounds (EAC) were prepared by terpolymer imprinting using 17b-estradiol (E2) as template. From a group of eight functional monomers representing Brønsted acids, bases, hydrogenbond donors and acceptors, as well as p-interacting monomers, a terpolymer library that comprises all possible binary combinations of the functional monomers was prepared. Binding tests revealed that imprinted polymers exhibit a markedly higher affinity for E2 compared to nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) or polymers prepared by using single functional monomers. A combination of methacrylic acid (MAA) and p-vinylbenzoic acid offered a particularly promising lead polymer, displaying an imprinting factor of 17 versus 2.4 for a benchmark polymer prepared by using only MAA as functional monomer. The saturation capacities ascribed to imprinted sites were four to five times higher for this polymer compared to previously reported imprinted polymers. NMR titrations and moleculardynamics simulations corroborated these results, indicating an orthogonal preference of the two functional monomers with respect to the E2 3-OH and 17-OH groups. The optimized polymer exhibited a retentivity for EACs that correlates with their inhibitory effect on the natural receptor. By using the optimized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in a model water-purification system, they were capable of completely removing ppb levels of a small group of EACs from water. This is in contrast to the performance of nonimprinted polymers and well-established sorbents for water purification (e.g., active carbon), which still contained detectable amounts of the compounds after treatment.

Active site-inactivated factor VIIa inhibits nuclear factor kappa B a...
Stollenwerk, Maria Magdalena; Lasson, Åke; Andersson, Roland Journal article in Journal of Surgical Research;2 : Elsevier (2012)	peer-reviewed scientific ARTICLE

English abstract:

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pivotal mechanism in critical illness and in the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, in which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays a central role. Intestinal I/R injury initiates the extrinsic tissue factor or factor VIIa-dependent pathway of coagulation, also of importance in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our aim was to analyze NF-κB activation in I/R injury in the rat intestine and in two main "shock" organs, that is, the liver and lungs. Pretreatment with active site-inactivated factor VII (FVIIai), an inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway, was evaluated.

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