Utskrift från Malmö högskola - mah.se
Student Essays / Freds- och konfliktvetenskap
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Student Essays / Freds- och konfliktvetenskap
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Kriget mot terrorismen: Från krigshandling till brottshandling? 
Nordman, Mattias : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2012) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The purpose of this study was to come to realization on whether the Bush administration's conduct regarding the treatment of inmates in the American prison camp in Cuba can be considered legal or not. My analysis shows that the U.S. has violated international and national laws. I have come to this realization by identifying the most important single actions – and their purposes – related to the U.S. conduct, and by comparing them with international law and U.S. national laws and agreements. Three single actions have been in focus; the establishment of the prison camp in Cuba, with the purpose to eliminate the prisoners' rights to constitutional protection by detaining them outside U.S. land borders; the establishment of the term "unlawful combatant", with the purpose to eliminate the prisoners' POW status, and thus the international legal protection accruing prisoners of war within the laws of war and; the rough physical and psychological treatment of the prisoners, in order to obtain information to prevent terrorism. With a legal method of working, I have thus tested these actions against the U.S. Constitution and the establishment of new national laws, against the Geneva Conventions and its additional protocols, and against UN conventions. Swedish abstract: Syftet med den här studien var att komma till insikt om huruvida Bushadministrationens ageranden kring behandlingen av internerna i det nordamerikanska fånglägret på Kuba kan betraktas vara legala eller inte. Mina analyser visar att USA har brutit mot internationella såväl som nationella lagar. Jag har kommit till denna insikt genom att identifiera de viktigaste handlingarna – och dess syften – i anslutning till USAs ageranden och genom att jämföra dessa med internationell rätt och med USAs nationella lagar och avtal. Tre handlingar har stått i fokus; upprättandet av fånglägret på Kuba, med syfte att eliminera fångarnas konstitutionella skydd genom att internera dem utom USAs landsgränser; instiftningen av begreppet "illegal kombattant", med syfte att tillintetgöra internernas krigsfångestatus och därmed det internationellrättsliga skydd som tillfaller krigsfångar genom krigets lagar och; den hårda fysiska och psykiska behandlingen av fångarna, med syfte att erhålla information för att förhindra terrorism. Med en juridisk arbetsmetod har jag således prövat dessa handlingar mot USAs konstitution och mot instiftningen av nya nationella lagar, mot Genèvekonventionerna med dess tilläggsprotokoll och mot FN-konventioner. 
Kandidatuppsats - M Nordman.pdf
(1.553Mb)
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Positivister och konstruktivister på partnerrelaterat våld i relation...
Fredenman, Ljubomir : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2011) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: This BA thesis is a meta-analysis that reviews 21 empirical studies on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and gender-relations among military families and the environmental structures in where they live and operate. All studies were published between 1978 and 2011 and reported Intimate Partner Violence in both military and civilian families, atrocities committed by both male and female soldiers and causalities on war and violence. My aim is to test the theory that says; war is depending on patriarchal gender-structures, that construct stereotype masculinities and femininities, which define men as strong, aggressive, and unemotional, while women are assumed to be weak, vulnerable, and caring. By examining both positivist and constructivist research, my ambition is to identify differences and similarities in those approaches, which can contribute to a wider understanding on this specific phenomenon. Swedish abstract: Denna C-uppsats är en meta-analys som granskar 20 vetenskapliga artiklar om partnerrelaterat våld, grymheter i krig och könsmaktsordningar i militära familjer. Alla studier är publicerade mellan 1978 och 2011 och behandlar våld i parrelationer, grymheter som begåtts av både manliga och kvinnliga soldater och kausala samband mellan krig, militarism och det civila samhället. Mitt mål är att testa teorin som säger att krig beror på patriarkala köns-strukturer som konstruerar stereotypa maskuliniteter och femininiteter, vilka i sin tur definierar män som starka, aggressiva och känslolösa, medan kvinnor antas vara svaga, sårbara, och vårdande. Genom att undersöka och jämföra variabler i både positivistisk och konstruktivistisk forskning, söker jag likheter och skillnader som kan ge en vidare förståelse för hur detta fenomen är sammansatt.
C-uppsats publicerad.pdf
(985.3Kb)
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Militära och civila uppfattningar om svenska militärer och deras medv...
Novotny, Sofie : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2010) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: With the starting point in UN peacekeeping operations, this essay investigates the participation of the Swedish armed forces and how the Swedish soldiers perceive their role in those operations. The aim of the study was to explore different perceptions about the Swedish soldiers in international operations. Partly from the Swedish soldiers perspective and how they perceived their own role as soldiers. Partly from the perspective of civilians, like Swedish aid workers, and how they perceive the Swedish soldiers. The third perspective was from a person with mixed experiences from both the military and the civilian work. The aim was also to investigate the discrepancy between the perceptions and its consequences. The method used was interviews with six informants, both soldiers and civilians. The interviews were based on three subjects: soldiers and civilians, men and women as soldiers, and soldiers from Sweden compared to soldiers from other countries. The result showed that there is a discrepancy between different perceptions and that a broader understanding was given from the informant who had the experience from both military and civilian work in international operations. This can lead to the assumption that it is preferable to have more experience from different roles. The abolishment of the compulsory military service may inhibit this broader perspective in the Swedish military. -
Minnet av 6-7 septemberhändelserna - istanbulbornas minne av upploppe...
Berntsson, Åsa : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2010) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The memory of expulsions among the expelling groups has been fairly studied, and has potential to create new conflicts. This qualitative study uses in-depth interviews to describe the memory of the 6-7 September events and the Greek minority in Istanbul among a group of Turkish descent people living in Beyoglu, Istanbul. Further the study compares the memory with the written history and explains why the memories of the past are shaped according to the present. The Greek minority of Istanbul are remembered in words of friendship and neighbourliness, but these memories are rather a nostalgia of the past for present needs than an image of the past itself. The memories of the events among the studied group are dominated by the general destruction occasioned by the riots but tend to contradict the violence towards the Greek minority. There exists a discrepancy between the memory and the written history concerning the acts of violence during the riots, the underlying causes of the riots and the period after the events. This article explains the reconstructed memory as a product of strategies for avoiding the experience of collective guilt.
Åsa Berntsson C-uppsats.pdf
(373.9Kb)
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Talk about Civil Society
Tainio, Anna : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2011) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: In Georgia the non-governmental organisations are active and manifold despite the Soviet heritage of a trampled civil society and lengthy violent conflicts, frozen yet not forgotten. NGOs seek to deal with the problematic issues through information, strengthening civil society and building bridges between antagonists. An organisation consists of individuals and the work is done through “their” individuals towards other individuals. Martha Nussbaum's approach on human well-being, which does not count income or ask for a minimum set of utensils for a universal basic standard, is being offered as a more just way of judging national growth than the GDP. Nussbaum's approach of basic human capability cherishes individuality and different cultures, recognising that not every one wishes the same things in order to feel fulfilled. The capability approach allows persons to choose a preferred way of life, yet lists demands of equal opportunities to all for reaching personal development and accessing possibilities. By analysing the narrations of NGO-staff members thematically according to the capability to affiliate, a relevant feel for the possibilities of successful and satisfying interaction in the NGO-sector emerges and some contemporary issues in the local contexts are presented. The interviews were conducted in Georgia during two months in 2010, and the focus was on relationships and experiences connected to work. Exercising the capability in good measure is presented in the narratives as gaining the individual increased emotion and furthering personal development. Areas where living up to the capability is hampered become also visible: affiliating may brush against existing stereotypical norms in the society. Yet the individuals challenge the restrictions and in doing so develop their civil society and themselves.
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