Utskrift från Malmö högskola - mah.se
Student Essays / Mänskliga rättigheter
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Student Essays / Mänskliga rättigheter
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Think of The Children in Africa - a minor field study in The Gambia o... 
Wallinder, Daniel : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2012) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to contrast the academic discussion on whether the affluent countries have a responsibility or not to provide food aid for the LDCs, to the views of food aid recipients. In addition to the issue of responsibility I also discuss the responsibilities of individuals contra governments, and what type of aid (if any) that is best to ensure food security. In order to gather information on the recipients’ points of views I have conducted a minor field study in The Gambia and interviewed former food aid recipients. In the academic discussion Thomas Pogge, Peter Singer, Dale Jamieson and David Miller are represented. The results of the field study shows that most of the recipients argue that the affluent countries in the world have a moral responsibility to assist the LDCs since they have the ability to assist. In contrast to the academic discussion, it becomes clear that the interviewees base their arguments on a different moral foundation than some of the theorists, and that they have different perspective on how to eradicate poverty and ensure food security. -
Medborgarinflytande i Malmö stad - En analys av Malmöinitiativet och ...
Eskilsson, Kalle : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2012) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The paper aims to map the problem of different levels of influence and different opportunities for political participation for residents of Malmö through Malmöinitiativet and Malmöpanelen. This is two democratic innovations implemented in the city of Malmö to expand citizens' political participation and strengthen the legitimacy of political decision making. The study has democracy theory as the basis for understanding the relevant aspects of the object under examination. Document Research and interviews are used to gather information about Malmöinitiativet and Malmöpanelen. The result are analyzed through the framework of democracy theory. The innovations have shortcomings when it comes to the realization of real influence, but creates a certain prerequisite for residents of Malmö to influence politics. Equal rights to participate in the two innovations are offered to all residents through Malmöinitiativet while persons under eighteen and those who are not citizens are excluded from Malmöpanelen. Nonetheless, it turned out that the different prerequisites on the basis of demography and resources, made a foundation for an unequal opportunity for participation. Swedish abstract: Uppsatsen har till syfte att kartlägga problematiken med inflytandegrad och olika förutsättningar för politiskt deltagande för Malmö stads invånare genom Malmöinitiativet och Malmöpanelen. Det är två demokratiska innovationer som implementerats i Malmö stad för att utöka invånarnas politiska delaktighet och stärka legitimiteten i politisk beslutsfattning. Studien har en demokratiteoretisk utgångspunkt som ligger till grund för att förstå de relevanta aspekterna av undersökningsobjektet. Dokumentforskning och intervjuer används för informationsinsamling om Malmöinitiativet och Malmöpanelen. Resultatet analyseras genom det demokratiteoretiska ramverket. Innovationerna uppvisar brister när det kommer till att förverkliga reellt inflytande men skapar viss förutsättning för Malmös invånare att påverka politiken. Lika rättighet att delta genom de båda innovationerna erbjuds alla invånare genom Malmöinitiativet medan personer under arton och de som inte är folkbokförda i Malmö exkluderas i Malmöpanelen. Trots det, visade det sig att olika förutsättningar utifrån demografi och resurser, lade en grund för en ojämlik möjlighet till deltagande. 
Medborgarinflytande i Malmo stad.pdf
(430.8Kb)
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Vem sa att mänskliga rättigheter gäller alla? – En argumentationsanal...
Ahlm, Sofie : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2012) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the alleged universal nature of human rights by using the Asian values debate as a cultural relativistic theory. The basic arguments emphasized by defenders of Asian values is that Asian and Western states belong to different cultures that also differ in their perceptions of ethics and morality, which affects their different perceptions of human rights. In my argument analysis on Asian values I have used texts by Xiaorong Li, Amartya Sen, Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir bin Mohamad. Their opinions regarding the debate will come through in the analysis where they represent two different perspectives on human rights, i.e. universalism and relativism/culture relativism. After the analysis I discuss how an even greater consensus on international human rights would develop and if there is a possibility for a decline of an international consensus. I have come to the conclusion that the arguments from both sides of the spectrum have put forward key arguments in this study that are of great importance for the future cooperation between cultures. The study shows that a greater consensus (and therefore greater respect for human rights?) can be created if we develop an international platform for discussion of cultural differences and I have also come to the conclusion that we probably won’t see a decline of the consensus surrounding human rights but rather a development of them. Swedish abstract: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka den påstådda universala naturen av mänskliga rättigheter genom att använda mig av debatten kring asiatiska värderingar, som en kulturrelativistisk teori. De grundläggande argumenten som poängteras av försvarare av asiatiska värderingar är att de asiatiska och västerländska stater tillhör olika kulturer som även skiljer i deras uppfattning av etik och moral, vilket påverkar deras olika uppfattning av mänskliga rättigheter. I argumentationsanalysen kring asiatiska värderingar har jag använt mig utav texter från Xiaorong Li, Amartya Sen, Lee Kuan Yew och Mahathir bin Mohamad, då dessa forskare och politiker representerar åsikterna av de två teorierna jag använder mig utav i argumentationsanalysen, universalism och relativism/kulturelativism. Kopplat till denna debatt diskuterar jag även hur ett större konsensus kring internationella mänskliga rättigheter skulle ske, eller ifall det finns en möjlighet för en nedgång av ett internationellt konsensus. Jag har kommit fram till att argumenten från båda sidor i diskussionen presenterade i denna studie har fört fram viktiga åsikter som är av stor betydelse för framtida samarbete mellan stater. I studien framgår det att ett större konsensus (och därför större respekt för mänskliga rättigheter?), kan skapas ifall vi skapar internationella plattformer för diskussion kring kulturella skillnader. Jag har också kommit till slutsatsen att vi förmodligen inte kommer att se en nedgång av konsensusen kring mänskliga rättigheter utan snarare en utveckling av dem.
Sofie_Ahlm.pdf
(604.6Kb)
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The Right to Food and Negative Duties: The urgency of an alternative ...
Janke, Christine : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2011) bachelor
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: Hunger currently plagues over one billion people around the world, leaving mainly women, children and rural communities in post-colonial developing countries unable to obtain their most basic need for nutrition. The fundamental human right to food is found to be a complex human right involving a combination of both positive and negative duties by states and international institutions in order for its guarantee. Hunger is not only remediable but is highly preventable. Main causal factors of hunger are outlined, with a focus on Thomas Pogge’s claim that coercive international institutions are largely responsible for world poverty. In this way, global institutions are responsible not to cause harm in their economic policies and unfair trade rules in order for individuals to obtain economic access to food and thus remedy their hunger. -
Asylum - not an EU problem? Qualitative analysis of the readmission a...
Persson, Malin : Malmö högskola/Kultur och samhälle (2011) 1-year master
STUDENT ESSAY
English abstract: In the European Union asylum and migration policy, the expressions “exclusion” and “externalization” are often used and encountered because the EU transfers the responsibility of migration control to non-EU states through readmission agreements. The EU does not have the capacity to receive all migrants, refugees and asylum seekers that seek protection in Europe, hence the agreements are constituted between the EU and other countries outside the EU on the basis of returning nationals and third country nationals who have been denied asylum. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how and to what extent are human rights embedded in the readmission agreements and in the materials that constitute the basis for the decision to enter into readmission agreements. This thesis also tends to analyze if and on what basis the readmission agreements pose potential consequences for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. In order to answer the posed research questions, I have used a qualitative research method of case study and text analysis. I have used a theoretical framework of externalization and studied the cases of the EU-Ukraine agreement and the EU-Pakistan agreement. Today, the EU cannot guarantee the safety individuals that are being returned to either Ukraine or Pakistan, because both Ukraine and Pakistan lack functional human rights institutions and cannot practice what human rights instruments ordain because they lack the capacity to do so. The EU’s failing of safe returns for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants has consequently created situations of orbit and chain refoulment where migrants, refugees and asylum seekers risks being returned to their country of origin or passed around between countries.
Asylum - not an EU problem?.pdf
(517.2Kb)
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